How VR design tools can improve product development

VR is one of the hottest trending tools in Industrial Design. Whether on social media or at conferences, designers are talking about how they use VR in the design process. In fact, we wrote about how VR can change Medical Device Design – XR is about to Revolutionize Medical Device Design.

When it comes to generating, visualizing, and evaluating concepts, designers have multiple VR tools at their disposal. But how does VR stack up to conventional methods in sketching and CAD? If you would like to know the answer, keep reading.

During the design process, designers commonly use sketching to quickly generate and visualize concepts. Sketching in Industrial Design is the communication of a 3D volume (design of a product) on a 2D surface (paper). The fact that a sketch is captured on a 2D surface means it can only be drawn from one viewpoint. This limitation has advantages. It allows a designer to focus on a few aspects of a concept without having to worry about how they relate to the whole form. This also makes it faster to generate sketch concepts.

3D Form

Sketching is faster because less details are shown or even known, which is a disadvantage when it comes time to developing the form in 3D. Sketches do not show how a form in one viewpoint will translate and look in another viewpoint. That is left to what the designer thinks the form will look like as opposed to what the form will actually look like in real life. Until VR, a designer would need to create a CAD model to see and understand the entire 3D form.

Rather than drawing on a canvas, designers sketching in VR, draw in the canvas. By sketching in VR, a designer can create and view the sketch as a 3D volume. It may take longer to generate different concepts, but a designer can immediately see the implication of how a form appears from all viewpoints. It is a more holistic way to develop 3D forms. There is also the added benefit that sketches in 3D are more resolved and therefore can be easier to transition to CAD.

Real Life Perspective

Another element in sketching is perspective. Designers use perspective to show how close or far away an object is to the viewer. Essentially, it gives a sketch depth. It is also used to communicate emotion. When designers use a dramatic perspective while sketching a car, for example, it makes the car appear muscular and strong. This dramatic perspective might be good to sell the dream, so to speak, but it’s not good for evaluating how a design will actually look and feel in real life.

In contrast, VR is never exaggerated. It shows a perspective based on our distance to the objects. When a designer uses VR to design, they experience sketches and CAD models similar to how the end user will experience them. In this way, the design can be more accurately evaluated because it’s a representation of how the design will be experienced in real life.

Accurate Scale

When developing and evaluating concepts, scale is an under discussed but essential part of concept development. Unless the designer sketches at 1:1 scale, it is shown as an estimate in sketches. The challenge is being able to evaluate if the dimensions and scale feel right for human use. A 3D environment will always produce a better sense of scale. Traditionally this meant building a mock-up or prototype in 1:1 scale to see if the dimensions felt right with bodily experience. This is where VR really shines as it mimics working in 3D environment. It provides a way to check if the scale of our VR sketches or CAD are on the right track. Designers can jump into VR and walk around the sketch or CAD to evaluate the design from different distances and angles.

Ergonomics and Environment

This is especially helpful for products with direct human interaction as a designer can evaluate ergonomics. For example, if a product has a handle, it could be imported into VR as a separate part and be moved to a location that felt right in VR. How a product relates to its context is another important aspect of product development. In VR, the environment can be built around the product so that designers and other stakeholders can experience and evaluate how the product and environment interact with each other. Products such as cart based medical devices in a high traffic area can benefit significantly through ergonomic and environmental study.